Racial Discrimination The Blacker The Berry - 1638 Words

Introduction Racial Discrimination is dreadful. It’s a social conflict against those who are a slightly different based on appearance. It has indeed become a well-known issue, which has created problems throughout the world. This issue is so distributing that it has incredibility-impacted society, especially influenced artists to incorporate the current issue into their songs. For instance, artists like Kendrick Lamar have expressed the issue of racial discrimination. In his song â€Å"The Blacker the Berry† from his album To pimp a butterfly (2015), he speaks about the racism and stereotypes from his own experiences. The song is about the frustration with how African Americans are treated due to the racism. This hip-pop song enhances the message through the use of Lamar personal life experiences as well his way of rapping with the intense beats. This demonstrates the seriousness of his message he wants the listener to grasp. Bob Marley has a song dealing with racial di scrimination called â€Å"War† from the album Rastaman Vibration (1976). The song heavily emphasis the overall issue that has to with racism and achieving peace in society. Bob Marley mainly focuses on the lyrical power that is expressed through melodic in â€Å"War†. These songs were initially made for the purpose to inform the listeners of their lifestyle through racial discrimination. Racial discrimination is a huge issue, which causes serious damage to the victims. Issue Discussion Racial discrimination continues toShow MoreRelatedRacial Discrimination : The Blacker The Berry1637 Words   |  7 Pages Racial Discrimination is dreadful. It’s a social conflict against those who are a slightly different based on appearance. It has indeed become a well-known issue, which has created problems throughout the world. This issue is so distributing that it has incredibility-impacted society, especially influenced artists to incorporate the current issue into their songs. For instance, artists like Kendrick Lamar have expressed the issue of racial discrimination. In his song â€Å"The Blacker the Berry† fromRead MoreThe Blacker The Berry, By Kendrick Lamar1420 Words   |  6 Pagessong that are on both sides of the spectrum from his song â€Å"I† which is more like Martin Luther King Jr.’s nonviolent beliefs to â€Å"The Blacker the Berry† which is more like Malcolm X’s thinking of self-hatred. In light of many of these issues along with the fact that racism is still an issue, Kendrick Lamar released his critically acclaimed song â€Å"The Blacker the Berry† in February 2015. This racially-charged song celebrates Kendrick’s African American heritage, but also has an underlying theme of racializedRead MoreRacism Is A Relic Of The Past1102 Words   |  5 Pagesthorough definition of racism and its consequences; racism is a white police officer beating or shooting a black teen, a white presidential candidate spewing racial slurs during his campaign or perhaps it looks like a white cooking show TV host who admits to having used the n-word. Media is prepared to bring up conspicuous prejudice and discrimination every time it occurs; perpetuating the thought that generally racism is a relic of the past. However, contemporary manifestations of racism and its effectsRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Of The 1920s1557 Words   |  7 Pagesthe attention of white Americans. Their works ex pose the racial discrimination, identity struggles, and the collisions between black and white Americans. Throughout the Harlem Renaissance, many darker Blacks felt ostracized from their mulatto families but superior to the common black folk. Simultaneously, many black artists longed for White approval, avoided Negro movements, and felt ashamed to be black. In the novels The Blacker the Berry and Infants of Spring, Harlem Renaissance writer WallaceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Blacker The Berry By Kendrick Lamar940 Words   |  4 Pagesby the remarks someone makes of their race or ethnicity they are considered someone without humor. We are to blame for the everyday racism we see in the music, television, posters, etc because we see it as something normal. In the song â€Å"The Blacker the Berry† by Kendrick Lamar, Lamar calls himself the biggest hypocrite of 2015. I believe he himself is realizing that he is also at fault for the everyday racism we seem to face. In the poem â€Å"Power† by Audre Lorde we also see a black woman describedRead MoreThe Blacker The Berry By Kendrick Lamar1025 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"The Blacker the Berry† by Kendrick Lamar was released February 9th, 2015. This incredibly racially motivated song has created controversy throughout America because it tackles racism, hypocrisy, and hatred head on. Although Stephen Best argues that the past defines the present without question, and Hartman believes that many important African American stories have been silenced due to lack of evidence, Kendrick Lamar’s song â€Å"The Blacker the Berry† complicates and adds to their arguments by introducingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem I Pimp A Butterfly By Neil Mccormick1532 Words   |   7 Pagespoverty, or racial discrimination. He leaves none of his message left to assumption, and he clearly presents his opinions. One of the most controversial aspects of â€Å"To Pimp a Butterfly† was its racially charged subject matter and message. Each track features different takes on racial discrimination, as well as the internal struggle faced by Kendrick in regards to this issue. â€Å"To Pimp a Butterfly† came out at a very opportune time, as there was a lot of interest in racial discrimination thanks to theRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare Essay1659 Words   |  7 Pagesidentity for a long time. The negative connotations of â€Å"blackness† have led to the creation of many racial constructs associated with the â€Å"Moor†; this denigration has infused the opinions of many critics, such as Albert Gerard, proposing that Othello’s â€Å"negroid physiognomy† reaches down to the â€Å"deepest levels of personality† and that he is a â€Å"barbarian†. However, many other critics like Edward Berry and Martin Orkin believe that colour is merely a à ¢â‚¬Å"surface indicator† compared to the outward virtueRead MoreLife of a Mullato Essay examples1054 Words   |  5 Pagesanalysis and their character development. After a thorough analysis of the racial identity of a mulatto, and a look at the lives of mulatto characters in works by Charles W. Chesnutt, Harriet Wilson and Wallace Thurman an understanding of what it means to be mulatto can be realized. In the works we discussed, a mulatto was usually the offspring of a black woman and a white man; however, the key to comprehending the racial identity of a mulatto is much more deeper. A mulatto is constantly facedRead MoreJackie Robinson : African American Civil Rights Activist1181 Words   |  5 Pagesstory. The plot holds a strong political statement relating back to racial and gender inequality. Josephine Baker. â€Å"Speech at the March on Washington†. The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Washington D.C. 28 Aug. 1963. Josephine Baker, French singer and exotic dancer, the only woman to give a speech about her life, in front 250,000 people gathered at the March on Washington. She spoke out about jobs and discrimination. Robeson, Paul. â€Å"You Are the Un-Americans, and You Ought to be Ashamed

Importance of Grades Free Essays

Importance of Grades Grading and reporting are relatively recent phenomena in education. In fact, prior to 1850, grading and reporting were virtually unknown in schools in the United States. The teacher reported student’s learning progress orally to parents, usually during visits to students’ homes. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Grades or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the number of students increased in the late 1800s, schools began to group students in grade levels according to their age, and new ideas about curriculum and teaching methods were tried. One of these new ideas was the use of formal progress evaluations of students’ work, in which teachers wrote down the skills each student had mastered and those on which additional work was needed. This was done primarily for the students’ benefit, since they were not permitted to move on to the next level until they demonstrated their mastery of the current one. It was also the earliest example of a narrative report card. In essence, grading is an exercise in professional judgment on the part of teachers. It involves the collection and evaluation of evidence on students’ achievement or performance over a specified period of time, such as nine weeks, an academic semester, or entire school year. Through this process, various types of descriptive information and measures of student’s performance are converted into grades or marks that summarize students’ accomplishments. Although some educators distinguish between grades and marks, most consider these terms synonymous. Both imply a set of symbols, words, or numbers that are used to designate different levels of achievement or performance. They might be letter grades such as A, B, C, D, and F; Descriptive words such as Exemplary, Satisfactory, and Needs Improvement; or numerals such as 4, 3, 2, and 1. Reporting is the process by which these judgments are communicated to parents, students, or others. However, grades do not come easy to some students. College is really a student’s last chance to get good grades and the noteworthy chance for a person to prove himself to the world. Having said that, grades are very important because they determine the length of time you spend getting your degree, the kind of job you receive, and the livelihood of your future. Continuing to get good grades is a sure way of getting your degree in a timely the working world. Maintaining a 3. 0 GPA is characteristic in being considered for the top jobs in today’ s world. Many companies are only looking for the top scholars in their academic field. You will be compensated for the amount of knowledge that you have. Good grades act as the prerequisites of your future. Therefore, it is up to you to expand with hard work, discipline, and the ability to excel. Excellence is the key to success in the 21st Century. Despite such difficulties in understanding the exact meanings of grades and the GPA, they remain important social metrics and sometimes yield heated discussions over issues such as grade inflation. Although grade inflation has many different meanings, it usually is defined by an increase in the absolute number of As and Bs over some period of years. The tacit assumption here seems to be that any continuing increase in the overall percentage of â€Å"good grades† or in the overall GPA implies a corresponding decline in academic standards. Although historically there have been periods in which the number of good grades decreased significantly. Social concerns usually only accompany the grade inflation pattern. As discussed in essay â€Å"A’s for Everyone. † By Alicia C. Shepard, James Mooney stated â€Å"Certainly there are students who are victims of grade inflation in secondary school,† said Mooney. â€Å"They come to college, and the grading system is much more rigorous. That’s one of the most difficult things to convey to the students. If you’re getting a B, you’re doing well in a course. † When college instructors are asked about the reasons for their emphasis on grades, they report that student behaviors – such as arguing over the scoring of a single question – make it necessary for them to maintain strict and well-defined grading standards in their classrooms. What seems missing in this context is a clear recognition by both the instructor and the student that grades are best construed as a type of communication. When grades are thought about in this way, they can be used to improve learning. Only when grades are integrated into a coherent teaching and learning strategy do they serve the purpose of providing useful and {text:bookmark-start} meaningful {text:bookmark-end} feedback not only to the larger culture but to the individual student as well. Few issues have created more controversy among educators than those associated with grading and reporting student learning. Despite the many debates and multitudes of studies, however, prescriptions for best practice remain elusive. Although teachers generally try to develop grading policies that are honest and fair, strong evidence shows that their practices vary widely, even among those who teach at the same grade level within the same school. Letter grades, for example, offer parents and others a brief description of student’s achievement and the adequacy of their performance. But using letter grades requires the abstraction of a great deal of information into a single symbol. In addition, the cut-offs between grades are always arbitrary and difficult to justify. Letter grades also lack the richness of other, more detailed reporting methods such as narratives or standards-based reports. Parents often are left wondering if their child’s achievement is comparable with that of other children or in line with the teacher’s expectations. Nowadays Parents are more concerned with the grades as mentioned by Alicia Shepard in the essay, â€Å"There’s a term for the legions of parents like me. The parents who make sure to get the teacher’s e-mail and home phone number on Back to School Night. The kind who e-mail teachers when their child fails a quiz. The kind who apply the same determination to making sure their child excels academically that they apply to the professional world. We are called â€Å"helicopter parents† because we hover over everything our kids do like Secret Service agents guarding the president. †Most students view high grades as positive recognition of their success, and some work hard to avoid the consequences of low grades. Although educators would undoubtedly prefer that motivation to learn be entirely intrinsic, the existence of grades and other reporting methods are important factors in determining how much effort students put forth. No single grading method adequately serves all purposes, schools must first identify their primary purpose for grading, and then select or develop the most appropriate approach. This process involves the difficult task of seeking consensus among diverse groups of stakeholders. The issues of grading and reporting on student learning continue to challenge educators. However, more is known at the beginning of the twenty-first century than ever before about the complexities involved and how certain practices can influence teaching and learning. To develop grading and reporting practices that provides quality information about student learning requires clear thinking, careful planning, excellent communication skills, and an overriding concern for the well-being of students. Combining these skills with current knowledge on effective practice will surely result in more efficient and more effective grading and reporting practices. Shepard, Alicia. â€Å"A’s for Everyone. † The Contemporary Reader. 9th ed. Ed. Gary Gosggarian. New York: Pearson, 2008. 417-422. How to cite Importance of Grades, Papers

Management Theory And Practice Hutchinson 3G And Vodafone

Question: Discuss about the Management Theory and Practice for Hutchinson 3G and Vodafone. Answer: Introduction The merger between the Hutchinson 3G and Vodafone Australia has caused the formation of Vodafone Hutchinson Australia (VHA). It is a joint venture and its primary industry is the telecommunication (Vodafone Australia, 2016). The headquarter of the company is located in Sydney, Australia. The primary products of the company include prepaid and postpaid mobiles, wireless broadband services and others. It has also purchased the Vodafone branded stores, which was run earlier by Digicall, Inside Mobile, GSM and First Mobile. The company is accredited with 7 million subscribers and is considered as the third largest telecommunications services in Australia (Vodafone Australia, 2016). It occupies a market share of 27.4% (approximately) and has an annual revenue of AUD$ 4 billion (as recorded in the first quarter of 2016) (Vodafone Australia, 2016). Discussion The SWOT analysis of Vodafone Hutchinson Australia is important and is helpful in understanding the business operations. It is an useful tool for providing competitive advantage for the company. It gives an id ea regarding the internal strengths and weakness of the firm. It also gives indication to the company regarding the external threats and the opportunities. The SWOT analysis is described below- The strenghts of the company is characterised by high growth rate in the Australian market (Zhang, 2014). It has experienced business units which makes it operations hassle free. The company witnesses high profitability and increased revenue. This is due to the increased visibility in the target market and the degree of operational efficiency (Zhang, 2014). The company employs labor at cheap costs and hence the profit margin is higher. The high barriers of market entry makes it profitable for the firm to expand its business operations (Menkveld, 2013). The company has significant presence in all parts of the world (Zhang, 2014). It is the known as the second largest telecommunications company in the world. It engages in extensive promotional activities such as sponsorships of the Cricket Team or sponsoring Formula 1.Vodafone has launched a new network in the 850 MHz frequency (Khare, Saxena Dixit, 2012). The network guarantee of the company has made it very popular among the masses. The weakness of the company has suffered severe financial losses in the past few years. It has lost several existing clients for which there was a reduction in the reveue generation (Dwyer, 2014). This is the reason that the company has opted for reducing its operational costs. It has reduced its worforce considerably so that there are no extra financial burden (Dwyer, 2014). It has also tried to reduce the operational costs by entering into mobile tower infrastructure sharing agreements with Optus (Dwyer, 2014). The brand portfolio of the company has been hampered and the close rivals have acquired the market. There are small number of business units which makes it difficult for the company to carry out its operation smoothly. The opportunities include Australia has one of the highest smartphone penetration in the world. It is also predicted that there would be more smartphone users in the coming years. This is a lucrative opportunity for Vodafone (Sarwar Soomro, 2013). It continues to invest more on the improvement of the mobile network. There would also be an increase in the smartphone users in the developing countries (Sarwar Soomro, 2013). The global market presents many opportunities for the company. The growing economy and increased profitability poses a prominent future for the company. The acquisition of the new firms should be well utlilized by the company. There are new potential markets that should be properly tapped by the company (Sarwar Soomro, 2013). The launch of new products ensure that the company has increased revenues from different sources. The threat includes advent of the technological problems is a serious threat to the company. The increasing costs of the company would cause a decrease in the overall revenues of the company (Kneese, Ayres d'Arge, 2015). The price of the raw materials is increasing and this would make it difficult for the company to regulate the prices of the production (Kneese, Ayres d'Arge, 2015). The Australian market is highly competitive and Vodafone faces stiff competition from its closest rivals. The company faces stiff competition from Telstra Corporations Limited, which is considered as the biggest telecommunications firm in Australia. The recent high quality network services provided by the closest rivals are pushing the company to improve its network services. The PESTEL analysis is used to measure the macro environment of the firm. The external environment of the firm impacts the functioning of Vodafone to a great extent. The PESTEL analysis considers six essential factors. They are discussed below- The Government policies affect the functioning of Vodafone. The telecom license is strictly regulated and limits the entry of new firms. The Australian Government is formulating stringent measures for the purpose of decreasing the roaming charges in the mobile phone usage (Oaic.gov.au, 2016). The Government regulations regarding the internet services, network services and others affect the overall functioning of the country. Vodafone must follow the guidelines of the Telecommunications Act 1997 formulated by the Australian Government(Oaic.gov.au, 2016). Vodafone needs to take care of the economic factors such as Australian interest rates, economic growth, exchange rates, inflation rate, taxes and others (Checherita-Westphal Rother, 2012). It needs to take care of the Australian growth rate and the changes in the GDP. The license costs of Vodafone are very high as compared to other industries. The company faced issues with the 3G license bidding when there was increased economic expansion (Checherita-Westphal Rother, 2012). Vodafone also faced high maintenance charges for networks. The global recession plays a major role in formulating the policies of the organization. The social factors do affect the functioning of the company. It decides the growth or decline of the company. The changing work patterns of the people of Australia have made them to depend more on technology (Helander, 2014). The work from home option is based on the utilization of technology (Helander, 2014). In this modern age, the organizations are not confined to a particular geographical location. The increase in the cross border trade has increased the need to adopt the telecommunication services. Vodafone needs to take care of these issues. There are other social factors such as ageing population and the eco friendly nature of the organizations. The technological is the most important factor impacting Vodafone, since it belongs to the telecommunications industry. The emergence of 4G services and the proliferation of the video calling facility impacts the overall functioning of Vodafone (Kumar, 2013). The closest rivals of the company are providing latest technological facilities to the consumers, hence Vodafone must also introduce innovative technology (Kumar, 2013). The online chatting services such as Yahoo Messenger or Viber, has made the company to introduce innovative services in the market. The company must abide by the environmental regulations of the Australian industry. It has encouraged the customers to safe disposal of their mobile handsets so that it causes minimal environmental pollution (Yadav, Yadav Kumar, 2014). It has also introduced the recycling programs. The legal framework of the country affects the functioning of the brand. It must follow the Telecommunications Act 1977 formulated by the Australian Law Reform Commission (Alrc.gov.au, 2016). The expectations and guidelines of the telecommunications industry have an effect on the strategic management of Vodafone. Fig: PESTEL Analysis Source: (Checherita-Westphal Rother, 2012) The Porters Five Forces is an important tool in the analysis of the level of competition prevalent in an industry. It is useful in the formulation of business strategy. It relies on the industrial economics to extract five forces which identify the competitive intensity and the subsequent attractiveness of the industry (Adam, Syahputra Gunawan, 2015) . The level of attractiveness concerns with the industrial profitability. This analysis is concerned with the micro environment of Vodafone. The five forces are closely related to the company and is directly related to the customer relationship management and the profitability of the firm. The five forces are discussed below- Bargaining Power of Consumers (High)-The telecommunication sector is characterised by extremely high level of competition. There are a large number of market players who coexist in the Australian market (Haucap et al., 2013). This presents the consumer with a wide range of alternatives. This results in the higher bargaining power of the consumers. There is also a lack of differentiated products in the market (Haucap et al., 2013). The high bargaining power of the Australians marginally reduces the cost prices prevalent in the industry. Vodafone needs to design competitive products for the purpose of profit generation. Bargaining Power of Suppliers (High)- The bargaining power of Vodafones suppliers is quite high since there are greater profit margins as compared to the competitors. The market share of Vodafone is reasonably high and hence the company is able to neutralize the price fluctuations of the suppliers (Heimeshoff Klein, 2013). The company must take active initiatives to control the prices of the suppliers. The fewer substitutes would give sufficient power to the suppliers (Heimeshoff Klein, 2013). The suppliers can charge high prices for supplying unique resources to the firm. There are other potential factors such as switching costs of the suppliers, impact of the inputs, degree of differentiation, supplier concentration and others. Threat of Substitutes (High)- This factor concerns with the availability of the substitute products in the market. If the consumers are bombarded with a large number of substitute products, then the company would lose its profitability (Adam, Syahputra Gunawan, 2015). For example, a product that exactly matches the needs of the customers is a substitute to another company that provides the same product. The potential factors that need to be considered by Vodafone are attraction of the substitute, switching costs of the buyer, ease of substitution, quality depreciation, availability of the closest substitute, product differentiation perception and others. Vodafone faces a considerable amount of threat in this factor. There is a sharp decline in the landline and CDMA services while there is an increase in the broadband services. The primary services of Vodafone include the mobile services. There is a wide range of substitute services such as video conferencing, VOIP (Google Talk, Yaho o Messenger, Skype and social networking sites) (Adam, Syahputra Gunawan, 2015). More number of consumers are getting attracted to the substitute products, which poses a threat toVodafone. Industrial Rivalry (High)- This is the most important factor for Vodafone. This factor is the major determinant in the competitiveness of the industry. Vodafone should consider factors such as competitive advantage, level of advertising expenses, degree of transparency, firm concentration ratio and the competition prevalent in the industry (Bogdanov, 2015). The competition must include the online as well as the offline companies. Vodafone faces an extremely high level of competition from its rivals (Bogdanov, 2015). This is due to the subsidized call rates of the closest competitors. The competitors are always in the process of providing innovative products as well as services. This makes it mandatory for Vodafone to launch new products that meet the customer requirement. Threat of new entrants (Low)- The Australian market is a highly profitable market that attracts the entry of the new firms. However, the government has imposed several barriers due to which the companies have a difficult time in venturing into the market. The market is characterized by high entry barriers and low exit barriers (Dunne et al., 2013). This implies that few firms can actually enter the market and the non-profitable firms can make an exit from the market. The companies that are eager to venture into the markets must pay huge licensing fees along with complying with the regulatory issues (Dunne et al., 2013). There are high costs of setting up of the network infrastructure. The new entrants are bombarded with new technology, which they find it difficult to cope up. Vodafone must cope up with this issue by introducing high-level efficiency in their products as well as services. The Porters Generic Strategy were developed by Porter for the purpose of analyzing the competitive advantage for a firm. It is essential for the purpose of the creation and sustenance of the superior performance of the organization. There are three generic strategies that are used by Vodafone. They are discussed as follows- Cost Leadership-The cost leadership of an organization is achieved by two ways. If Vodafone increases its profit percentage by the reduction in the costs of the products, then it can capture the market within a short span of time (Rothaermel, 2015). The company can also increase its market share if they charge less prices of their products. However, this strategy is not frequently adopted by the company. Differentiation-The differentiation strategy is widely used by the company. It appeals the customers by creating a particular product attribute that is desirable by the target audience. It aims to build customer loyalty by offering unique products to the customers. The company has created unique products such as 4G services, video calling, teleconferencing, micro recharge coupons, open cloud systems, smart phone application and others (Rothaermel, 2015). This has improved the brand image of the company as the customers are fascinated by the products. The differentiation strategy is an important strategy which helps the firm to be ahead in the competitive market. Focus-This strategy is used by Vodafone to focus on a particular market niche and for understanding the market dynamics. The company should understand the preferences of the consumers and design its products accordingly. The creation of strong brand loyalty is important for the consumers (Severi Ling, 2013). Vodafone is spread across the world by capturing almost all the geographical locations. It has varied customer groups, product portfolio and other value added services (Severi Ling, 2013). It has formulated strategies such as joint ventures, horizontal integration and strategic alliance with the other market leaders. Fig: Porters Generic Strategy Source: (Rothaermel, 2015) The analysis of the models should be given vital importance by Vodafone. The company must try to convert their weakness to strengths and must devise suitable strategies to combat the threats. It should prevent reducing the workforce so that there is maximum organizational efficiency. The company must take adequate measures to deal with the political, social, economic and other macro environmental factors. The company must take steps in the bargaining power of consumers, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of substitutes, industrial rivalry and others. The company should adopt relevant strategies in order to be ahead of the competitive market. Conclusion Vodafone should devise suitable strategies after considering the analysis. This report presents the loopholes and the opportunities of the company, which should be considered by the company before making strategic decisions. The different models used in this report would guide the future research in this domain. References Adam, M., Syahputra, H., Gunawan, B. (2015). Industry Attractiveness and Knowledge Management on the Formulation of Competitive Strategy and Partnership and Its Implication on Coffee Company Performance in Aceh. Australian Law Reform Commission | ALRC. (2016).Alrc.gov.au. Retrieved 9 September 2016, from https://www.alrc.gov.au Bogdanov, A. (2015). METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF LOGISTICS SYSTEMS.ASSOCIATION SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH,4, 19. Checherita-Westphal, C., Rother, P. (2012). The impact of high government debt on economic growth and its channels: An empirical investigation for the euro area.European Economic Review,56(7), 1392-1405. Dunne, T., Klimek, S. D., Roberts, M. J., Xu, D. Y. (2013). Entry, exit, and the determinants of market structure.The RAND Journal of Economics,44(3), 462-487. Dwyer, T. (2014). Australian Media Monitor, April 2014.Global Media Journal Australian Edition,8(1), 1-4. Haucap, J., Heimeshoff, U., Klein, G. J., Rickert, D., Wey, C. (2013).Bargaining Power in Manufacturer-Retailer Relationships. Dsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE). Heimeshoff, U., Klein, G. J. (2013).Bargaining Power and Local Heroes. Dsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE). Helander, M. G. (Ed.). (2014).Handbook of human-computer interaction. Elsevier. Home - OAIC. (2016).Oaic.gov.au. Retrieved 9 September 2016, from https://www.oaic.gov.au Khare, A., Saxena, M., Dixit, S. (2012). The Subscriber You Have Dialed is not Reachable.Computer Engineering,1(1), 28-32. Kneese, A. V., Ayres, R. U., d'Arge, R. C. (2015).Economics and the environment: a materials balance approach. Routledge. Kumar, S. N. (2013). Emergence of 4g Technology in India and its Future Implications.International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences,4(2), 247-249. Menkveld, A. J. (2013). High frequency trading and the new market makers.Journal of Financial Markets,16(4), 712-740. Mobile Phone, Tablet and Mobile Broadband Plans.. (2016).Vodafone Australia. Retrieved 9 September 2016, from https://www.vodafone.com.au Rothaermel, F. T. (2015).Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. Sarwar, M., Soomro, T. R. (2013). Impact of Smartphones on Society.European Journal of Scientific Research,98(2), 216-226. Severi, E., Ling, K. C. (2013). The mediating effects of brand association, brand loyalty, brand image and perceived quality on brand equity.Asian Social Science,9(3), 125. Yadav, S., Yadav, S., Kumar, P. (2014). Metal toxicity assessment of mobile phone parts using Milli Q water.Waste management,34(7), 1274-1278. Zhang, Y. A. (2014). A Case Study on Collaboration in the Australian Mobile Telecommunication Market. InCollaboration in the Australian and Chinese Mobile Telecommunication Markets(pp. 167-196). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.